2.1 Lazarillo de Tormes – Anónimo

Power and Social Hierarchy: One of the major themes in Lazarillo de Tormes is the power and social hierarchy of 16th century Spain. Throughout the novel, Lazarillo is forced to confront and navigate the strict social hierarchy of the time period. He is constantly trying to find ways to survive and make a better life for himself, despite the obstacles he faces due to his status. Trickery and Deception: Another important theme in the novel is trickery and deception. Lazarillo is forced to use deception and trickery in order to survive, often using his own wit and cleverness to outsmart his masters. He also uses his knowledge of the social hierarchy to gain advantage over those who are in a higher position than him. Poverty and Inequality: Lazarillo de Tormes also deals with the themes of poverty and inequality. Throughout the novel, Lazarillo is confronted with the harsh realities of poverty, and he is forced to make difficult choices in order to survive. He is also often subjected to the discrimination and inequality of the time period due to his social status.

• Lazarillo de Tormes: The protagonist of the novel, Lazarillo is a poor, orphaned teenaged boy who lives in 16th century Spain. He is resourceful, clever, and often uses his wit and cunning to survive. He is a quick learner, and he adapts to the various situations and masters that he has to serve. He is also unafraid to stand up for himself, even when faced with powerful men. • El viejo (The Old Man): One of Lazarillo's earliest masters, El viejo is a blind beggar who teaches Lazarillo the trade of begging. He is kind to Lazarillo and teaches him to be independent and not to be afraid to ask for help when needed. • El cura (The Priest): The Priest is a powerful and influential figure in the town. He is also Lazarillo's second master. The Priest is a greedy and selfish man who abuses Lazarillo and takes advantage of his situation. He teaches Lazarillo the importance of using his wit and cunning to get ahead in life. • El Pardillo (The Squire): The Squire is Lazarillo's third master. He is a wealthy man who uses Lazarillo as a servant. He is often cruel and abusive, but he also teaches Lazarillo the importance of hard work and perseverance. • El escudero (The Squire's Son): The son of the Squire is a kind and generous man who helps Lazarillo when he is in need. He teaches Lazarillo the importance of loyalty and friendship. • El alguacil (The Constable): The Constable is another powerful figure in the town. He is a cruel and corrupt man who often takes advantage of Lazarillo. He teaches Lazarillo the importance of using his wit to survive in a hostile environment.